195 lines
7.6 KiB
Matlab
195 lines
7.6 KiB
Matlab
function H = geom_helpers()
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%GEOM_HELPERS 几何示意图共用的绘制函数。
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% 只使用 MATLAB 默认图形对象与默认配色，不做自定义样式。
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H.circle = @draw_circle;
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H.wedge = @draw_wedge;
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H.disk = @draw_disk;
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H.poly = @draw_poly;
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H.marker = @draw_marker;
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H.arrow = @draw_arrow;
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H.label_points = @label_points;
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H.text_width = @text_width;
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end
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% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% 基本图元
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% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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function h = draw_circle(ax, center, radius, color, lw, style)
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t = linspace(0, 2 * pi, 360);
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h = plot(ax, center(1) + radius * cos(t), center(2) + radius * sin(t), ...
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'Color', color, 'LineWidth', lw, 'LineStyle', style);
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end
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function h = draw_wedge(ax, poly, color, alpha)
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h = patch(ax, 'XData', poly(:, 1), 'YData', poly(:, 2), 'FaceColor', color, ...
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'FaceAlpha', alpha, 'EdgeColor', 'none');
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end
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function h = draw_disk(ax, center, radius, color, alpha, edge_style)
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t = linspace(0, 2 * pi, 360);
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h = patch(ax, 'XData', center(1) + radius * cos(t), ...
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'YData', center(2) + radius * sin(t), ...
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'FaceColor', color, 'FaceAlpha', alpha, 'EdgeColor', color, ...
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'LineWidth', 0.6, 'LineStyle', edge_style);
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end
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function h = draw_poly(ax, poly, face, alpha, edge, lw)
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h = patch(ax, 'XData', poly(:, 1), 'YData', poly(:, 2), 'FaceColor', face, ...
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'FaceAlpha', alpha, 'EdgeColor', edge, 'LineWidth', lw);
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end
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function h = draw_marker(ax, p, color, size, filled)
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if filled
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h = plot(ax, p(1), p(2), 'o', 'MarkerSize', size, ...
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'MarkerFaceColor', color, 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'none');
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else
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h = plot(ax, p(1), p(2), 'o', 'MarkerSize', size, ...
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'MarkerFaceColor', 'none', 'MarkerEdgeColor', color, ...
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'LineWidth', 0.9);
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end
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end
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function h = draw_arrow(ax, p0, p1, color)
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%DRAW_ARROW 数据坐标箭头：直线 + 实心三角箭头。
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% 箭头在"像素空间"里构造后换算回数据坐标，因此与坐标轴比例无关，
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% 也不依赖绘制时的 axes 位置（图例把坐标区挤小后箭头依然对准数据点）。
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h = plot(ax, [p0(1) p1(1)], [p0(2) p1(2)], 'Color', color, 'LineWidth', 0.9);
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d = [p1(1) - p0(1), p1(2) - p0(2)];
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[sx, sy] = px_scale(ax); % 每像素对应的数据单位
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v = [d(1) / sx, d(2) / sy]; % 像素空间向量
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len = hypot(v(1), v(2));
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if len < 1e-9
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return;
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end
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u = v / len;
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n = [-u(2), u(1)];
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head = min(len * 0.6, 10); % 头长（像素）
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base = v - u * head;
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tri = [v; base + n * head * 0.42; base - n * head * 0.42] .* [sx, sy];
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patch(ax, 'XData', p0(1) + tri(:, 1), 'YData', p0(2) + tri(:, 2), ...
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'FaceColor', color, 'EdgeColor', 'none');
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end
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function [sx, sy] = px_scale(ax)
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pos = ax.Position;
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fpos = ancestor(ax, 'figure').Position;
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sx = diff(ax.XLim) / (pos(3) * fpos(3));
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sy = diff(ax.YLim) / (pos(4) * fpos(4));
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end
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% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% 标签自动避让
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% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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function label_points(ax, pts, labels, color)
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%LABEL_POINTS 在散点旁放置标签：按候选方位打分选出与已放标签、标记点都不重叠的位置。
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% color 可以是 1×3（所有标签同色）或 n×3（逐点配色）。
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if isempty(pts)
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return;
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end
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if size(color, 1) == 1
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color = repmat(color, numel(labels), 1);
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end
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xl = ax.XLim;
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yl = ax.YLim;
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gap = pixel_gap(ax, 5); % 标签与标记点之间的固定像素间距
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mbox = marker_size(ax) * [-0.5 -0.5 1 1];
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placed = zeros(0, 4);
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for i = 1:numel(labels)
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if pts(i, 1) < xl(1) || pts(i, 1) > xl(2) || ...
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pts(i, 2) < yl(1) || pts(i, 2) > yl(2)
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continue; % 视野外的点不标注
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end
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sz = text_size(ax, labels{i});
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cand = candidates(pts(i, :), sz, gap);
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best_pen = inf;
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best = cand(1, :);
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for k = 1:size(cand, 1)
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box = [cand(k, 1) - sz(1) / 2 - gap(1), cand(k, 2) - sz(2) / 2 - gap(2), ...
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sz(1) + 2 * gap(1), sz(2) + 2 * gap(2)];
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pen = penalty(box, placed, pts, mbox, xl, yl);
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if pen < best_pen
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best_pen = pen;
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best = cand(k, :);
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end
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end
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text(ax, best(1), best(2), labels{i}, 'Color', color(i, :), ...
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'HorizontalAlignment', 'center', 'VerticalAlignment', 'middle');
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placed(end + 1, :) = [best(1) - sz(1) / 2 - gap(1), ...
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best(2) - sz(2) / 2 - gap(2), ...
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sz(1) + 2 * gap(1), sz(2) + 2 * gap(2)]; %#ok<AGROW>
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end
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end
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function cand = candidates(p, sz, gap)
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%CANDIDATES 标记点周围的候选标签中心：先近后远，四正方向 + 四斜角。
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dx = gap(1) + sz(1) / 2;
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dy = gap(2) + sz(2) / 2;
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cand = [p(1) + dx, p(2); p(1) - dx, p(2)
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p(1), p(2) + dy; p(1), p(2) - dy
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p(1) + dx, p(2) + dy; p(1) - dx, p(2) + dy
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p(1) + dx, p(2) - dy; p(1) - dx, p(2) - dy
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p(1) + 2.2 * dx, p(2); p(1) - 2.2 * dx, p(2)
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p(1), p(2) + 2.2 * dy; p(1), p(2) - 2.2 * dy
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p(1) + 1.9 * dx, p(2) + 1.9 * dy; p(1) - 1.9 * dx, p(2) + 1.9 * dy
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p(1) + 1.9 * dx, p(2) - 1.9 * dy; p(1) - 1.9 * dx, p(2) - 1.9 * dy
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p(1) + 3.4 * dx, p(2); p(1) - 3.4 * dx, p(2)
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p(1), p(2) + 3.4 * dy; p(1), p(2) - 3.4 * dy];
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end
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function g = pixel_gap(ax, npix)
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pos = ax.Position;
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fpos = ancestor(ax, 'figure').Position;
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g = [npix * diff(ax.XLim) / (pos(3) * fpos(3)), ...
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npix * diff(ax.YLim) / (pos(4) * fpos(4))];
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end
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function pen = penalty(box, placed, pts, mbox, xl, yl)
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pen = 0;
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for j = 1:size(placed, 1) % 标签之间重叠代价最高
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pen = pen + 12 * overlap(box, placed(j, :));
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end
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for j = 1:size(pts, 1) % 其次避免压住标记点
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mb = [pts(j, 1) + mbox(1), pts(j, 2) + mbox(2), mbox(3), mbox(4)];
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pen = pen + 3 * overlap(box, mb);
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end
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dx = max(0, xl(1) - box(1)) + max(0, box(1) + box(3) - xl(2));
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dy = max(0, yl(1) - box(2)) + max(0, box(2) + box(4) - yl(2));
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pen = pen + 1e3 * (dx * box(4) + dy * box(3));
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end
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function a = overlap(b1, b2)
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w = min(b1(1) + b1(3), b2(1) + b2(3)) - max(b1(1), b2(1));
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h = min(b1(2) + b1(4), b2(2) + b2(4)) - max(b1(2), b2(2));
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a = max(0, w) * max(0, h);
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end
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function sz = text_size(ax, str)
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%TEXT_SIZE 文本在数据坐标下的包围盒尺寸（用临时 text 对象的 Extent 量取）。
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h = text(ax, 0, 0, str, 'Units', 'data', 'Visible', 'off', ...
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'Interpreter', 'none');
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e = get(h, 'Extent');
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delete(h);
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sz = [e(3) e(4)] * 1.12;
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end
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function w = text_width(ax, str, fs)
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%TEXT_WIDTH 指定字号下文本在数据坐标下的宽度。
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h = text(ax, 0, 0, str, 'Units', 'data', 'Visible', 'off', ...
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'FontSize', fs, 'Interpreter', 'none');
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e = get(h, 'Extent');
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delete(h);
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w = e(3) * 1.04;
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end
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function s = marker_size(ax)
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xl = ax.XLim;
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yl = ax.YLim;
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pos = ax.Position;
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fpos = ancestor(ax, 'figure').Position;
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w_px = pos(3) * fpos(3);
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h_px = pos(4) * fpos(4);
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s = 8 * max(diff(xl) / w_px, diff(yl) / h_px); % 约 8 px
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end
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